![]() The sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (p. ![]() According to Statista, the market of e-learning all over the world will be over 243 billion dollars in 2022. From an economic point of view, the industry of e-learning has developed considerably in the last decade. The future of e-learning must be built on principles of openness and equality with an education in digital competence. This failure cannot be attributed to e-learning itself, but to the fact that the potential of this teaching method has been underestimated and excluded from the digital education projects of educational organizations. Bates states that COVID-19 has demonstrated the current inequalities in the system and the need for universal and low-cost access to the Internet for education. According to data provided by the World Bank, in the year 2018, 84% of the citizens of member states of the European Union had access to the Internet, compared to 66% in Latin America and 18% in the least developed countries (LDC). This situation showed the strengths and weaknesses of education systems facing the challenge of digitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic caused the closing of classrooms all over the world and forced 1.5 billion students and 63 million educators to suddenly modify their face-to-face academic practices, wherever possible. The digital transformation of education systems in all levels has allowed incorporating a new teaching–learning ecosystem called e-learning. Finally, the conclusions regarding the objectives of our SRL are presented: Main themes and research sub-themes, most researched e-learning modality, most relevant theoretical frameworks on e-learning, and typologies of research methodologies. The most frequent methodology was case study. The Community of Inquiry and the Technological Acceptance Model, were the most used theories in the analyzed studies. It was revealed that MOOC was the most researched e-learning modality. ![]() The analysis of the texts identified three main nodes: (a) online students (b) online teachers and (c) curriculum-interactive learning environments. A total of 248 articles composed the final sample. The literature selection was carried out in three first-quartile journals indexed in JCR-SSCI specialized in Educational Technology. To this end, the PRISMA protocol was followed, and different tools were used for the bibliographic management and text-mining. The aim of the present systematic literature review (SLR) was to identify (a) the research topics (b) the most relevant theories (c) the most researched modalities and (d) the research methodologies used. ![]() The concept of e-learning is a technology-mediated learning approach of great potential from the educational perspective and it has been one of the main research lines of Educational Technology in the last decades. ![]()
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